Grape Voles are also called meadow mice. Where still feasible, flood irrigation can help control vole populations. PDF: To display a PDF document, you may need to use a These are restricted-use pesticides that require a permit from the county agricultural commissioner for purchase or use. Bury the guards' bottom edge at least 6 inches below the soil surface, but note that voles may dig beneath them. They usually avoid sandy soils. Woodland voles are one of the smallest species, usually measuring less than four inches in length. The most widespread species in the state is the California vole (Microtus californicus), which occurs in the Central Valley and throughout the length of the coast range. See our Home page, or in the U.S., contact your local Cooperative Extension office for assistance. Fossils of members of the genus Microtus are known from California as far back as 1.2 million years ago, although it is unclear whether these represent California voles specifically, or a related, possibly extinct, species. Accessibility   In potatoes, most damage occurs in the Klamath Basin, where the montane vole (M. montanus) is found. This will reduce potential secondary poisoning hazards. (function(i,s,o,g,r,a,m){i['GoogleAnalyticsObject']=r;i[r]=i[r]||function(){(i[r].q=i[r].q||[]).push(arguments)},i[r].l=1*new Date();a=s.createElement(o),m=s.getElementsByTagName(o)[0];a.async=1;a.src=g;m.parentNode.insertBefore(a,m)})(window,document,'script','//www.google-analytics.com/analytics.js','ga');ga('create', 'UA-46953310-1', 'auto');ga('require', 'displayfeatures');ga('send', 'pageview'); Characteristic damage is complete or partial girdling of trunks from just below the soil line to usually no more than 5 inches high. All rights reserved. The body is wedge-shaped, the head flat, the neck short and the musculature of the forelimbs strongly developed. [8] The animals feed on roots, bulbs, tubers and the juicy rhizomes of plants, and in the summer and autumn they store small stocks of food. In many areas, populations peak every 4 to 8 years, and then decline fairly rapidly. Physically removing vegetation, using herbicides or other methods to keep an area about 3 feet out from the trunks free of vegetation, has been proven to reduce damage. [5], This vole is a colonial species, living in groups of about 10 individuals, typically a family group of one pair of adults and young animals from one or two litters. It has short, dense, brownish fur somewhat paler on the underparts. Contact UC IPM, Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of California, © 2017 Regents of the University of California E. ciscaucasicus Sviridenko, 1936 Scatter around the field to identify active areas needing baiting. * User must be a certified applicator or be under the supervision of someone who is. Some require a permit from the county agricultural commissioner for purchase or use. Be aware that equipment must frequently move in and out of fields, thereby limiting sites where fencing is practical. Vegetation management and the proper use of exclusion keep damage to a minimum. Maintaining weed-free fencerows, roadsides, and ditch banks is also an important preventive measure. Subscribe (RSS) Because voles travel only a few feet from their burrows to obtain food, any destruction of vegetation will make the area less favorable to them and results in burrow abandonment and/or mortality. Vole ears are at least partly obscured by the hair in front of them and their tails are about one-half to one-quarter the length of their head and body combined. meadow vole ( Microtus pennsylvanicus) long-tailed vole ( Microtus longicaudus) pine vole ( Microtus pinetorum) montane vole ( Microtus montanus) Oregon vole ( Microtus oregoni) California vole ( Microtus californicus) Average Size: 4-9" long (including the tail); 2 oz. Voles live in colonies and are active both day and night, all year round. Nondiscrimination Statement. [4] Females bear 5 to 10 litters per year, with peaks of reproduction in spring and fall. Burrows frequently have numerous openings to the surface. If you maintain ground cover or resident weeds in the row middles, keep it mowed fairly short ( < 2 inches) to be less attractive to voles. They have food stores of seeds and other … Because voles mature rapidly and bear multiple litters yearly, numbers can increase quickly reaching as high as hundreds of voles per acre. Use expanded trigger traps to avoid having to use bait. They construct both surface runways and extensive underground burrows. Indeed, matings between northern and souther… In particular, please note that poison baits cannot be applied within orchard, vineyard, or vegetable crops from green up (spring) until after harvest occurs. Active runways: 1- to 2-inch wide surface paths that lead to silver dollar-sized burrow openings. The soil of the Tulelake Basin of Northern California is a location that is highly favorable for voles. E. tanaiticus Zubko, 1940 Georychus rufescens, Eversmann[3]. When at the surface, they can be picked off by a number of predators; growers and their dogs can also actively seek out voles at this time to further reduce population size. every 15 feet to provide support for the fencing. This vole is found in Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan, Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan and Ukraine, the southern parts of Russia, western Siberia, northern Afghanistan, Mongolia and northern China. Woodland voles are also common throughout the area, and they prefer to live in forests with copious amounts of leaf litter on the ground. E. transcaspiae Thomas, 1912[2] [7] The gestation period lasts three weeks, with three or four litters a year, with two to four young voles in each. Make sure to check ditch banks, fencerows, roadsides, and other areas where permanent vegetation favors the buildup of voles. Voles can cause severe damage in orchards and vineyards by feeding on bark. This animal is also known as the meadow mouse. 3448, R. Baldwin, Wildlife, Fish & Conservation Biology, UC Davis. The Regents of the University of California. [8] The population size varies, being limited by infectious diseases, parasites, severe winters with deep-frozen ground, spring flooding of burrows by melt water and predatory birds and mammals. It is imperative that you understand and follow the label directions for use. Voles live in areas such as irrigated pastures, fencerows, or weedy ditchbanks, where the soil is suitable for burrowing and where vegetation provides cover. A … The body is wedge-shaped, the head flat, the neck short and the musculature of the forelimbs strongly developed. Voles live in areas such as irrigated pastures, fencerows, or weedy ditchbanks, where the soil is suitable for burrowing and where vegetation provides cover. Poisonous bait (either multiple-dose anticoagulants* or zinc phosphide*) can control voles that reach harmful numbers. The fencing should be buried at least 6 inches below ground and should extend 12 inches above ground. Some products also require a permit from the county agricultural commissioner for purchase or use. Statewide IPM Program, Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of California Place snap traps in runways to detect pests. In ditchbanks and other non-cropland sites, bait should be applied in fall or spring before the voles' reproduction peaks to slow or prevent populations from expanding into the crop. Grasses and other dense ground cover provide food and shelter that favor the buildup of vole populations. The efficacy of such fencing is greatly increased if bare soil is present around the base of the fence. © 2017 Regents of the University of California, Division of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Larger than house mice but smaller than rats, Coarse fur is usually dark gray or grayish brown. Exclusionary fencing consisting of aluminum flashing can be used along field borders. Otherwise, you may not notice damage until it is too late to prevent significant injury.

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