If you have to use them while they’re still wet, be sure to observe the safety precautions below. 9 below). long to completely penetrate the rim joist. 3 is strongest, along with the one shown in Fig. Building An Elevated Deck: Step-By-Step Step 1: Design Your Raised Deck. Take your design to your local building inspector’s office. Now add the platform. The result is a shabby deck. Count every board and bolt. Make clean joints by cutting boards off perfectly square and butting them together over the center of a joist. Simply nail them into the posts with 16d galvanized box nails. It sits atop the 4x4 posts. They also require wider posts, 4x6s or 4x8s, to rest on. BestLife52 is a participant in the Amazon Services LLC Associates Program, an affiliate advertising program designed to provide a means for sites to earn advertising fees by advertising and linking to Amazon.com, Amazon.co.uk or Amazon.ca. Notice that the bottom 6-in. Make sure your posts are perfectly vertical with a level, then bolt on 2x4 or 2x6 braces between the posts and beams at a 45-degree angle. But when you recoat the deck, you don’t have to scrape off the old finish, so sealers and stains are much easier to reapply than paint. As you might expect, longer joists put more weight on a beam, so you have to make it bigger and stronger. A stringer is the wide board that supports the stair treads on either side and runs at an angle. Simply add more posts (Fig. or o.c. A “beam” is usually the biggest chunk of wood that lies horizontally like a spine under or at the ends of the rib-like spacing row. The terrain, the deck’s location, budget, materials and project completion timeframe all factor into raised deck planning. That’s where fungus takes root. Example A fails on both counts, but C and D are good. But other types of fungus will destroy the wood fiber and weaken your deck’s structure. deep groove with a corundum (not carbide) blade on your circular saw. 10 galvanized screws beneath, as shown. A third post shortens the distance the beam must span, so the beam doesn’t have to be as large. For a full list of items you may need and quantities of each, check out our calculators to put together your shopping list. (Water repellents are often confused with wood preservatives. The calculations are important for the stairs and stringers for them to be within code regulations. This wood costs 10 to 20 percent more but often comes with a lifetime guarantee. provide enough support when they rest on a good base. When your post spacing reaches about 10 ft., the beams get big and heavy, sometimes four 2x8s, three 2x10s or larger. Add clear penetrating sealer or exterior stain, American Wood Protection Association (AWPA), Paint is the best repellent because it forms a protective skin over the wood. You’ll find three types of wood readily available to do the job: The “heartwood” of redwood and cedar is the deeper-colored core of a tree as compared to the cream-colored outer wood called “sapwood.”. You may choose to bolt the post to the stair riser or stringer at the top and bottom, then confirm they are even before you repeat the process with the next posts. But it can delay rot for several additional years. 2B) like fence posts invites eventual rot. In reality, these beams are simply too heavy to handle. above that point (you may have to cut it with your power saw) so you can screw the ledger tightly against the sheathing and house frame (Fig. When you dive into your next deck project, plan to stop these enemies right from the start, and you’ll keep your deck healthy for a long, long time. Plumb your posts, keeping them straight and then install the landing framing. All work well. Next, tack the ledger in place temporarily with 16d nails, then level and lag bolt it permanently, spacing the bolts about every 16 in. Unfortunately, brushed-on water repellents last only two to three years. A stair run or tread is the part of a stair that you step on. You’ll generally need around four footings for a standard, single-level deck. Fortunately, there’s an easy way to make them smaller without sacrificing the overall strength of your deck. Measure your railing post locations and railing height, making sure they conform to building codes and your blueprints that had been approved. above the ground to drain off water. apart. Installing these anchors will keep the stairs steady and safe. Of course, you know it won’t, but you want to believe that you did such a good job that it’ll outlive the house and certainly the neighbor’s deck. You can choose from either of the two beam sizes shown there, either three 2x8s or two 2x10s nailed together. You can buy a stair package for your raised deck at most home supply stores, or you can build your own deck stairs following tutorials. Lay the three common decking boards — 2x6, 2x4 and 5/4x6 — bark side up for better drainage. make the finished deck 1/2 in. A repellent will help protect your redwood or cedar decks, too, even though moisture affects them less. But your deck will feel more solid if you limit your joist span to 8 ft. Explain your plan, listen for new ideas and techniques, and go out into the yard and chock the wood. 4). You can see one of those beams in Fig. Once your posts are straight and your landing framing has been installed, attach your decking to the joists. And boards warp. Pour it into the holes to hold the posts. Don’t panic here; your building inspector’s job is to make sure you build a solid, safe deck. Use string to outline the raised deck footings. You can choose a stair design that goes straight to the ground or that turns at 90 degrees, depending on what works best for your own backyard and home structure. Using bags of concrete you’d purchased when you were gathering your materials, you can premix the concrete using a small cement mixer (that you can rent) or mix the appropriate amount in a wheelbarrow. Normally, if you need 1 cubic yard or more, it’s easier and faster to buy ready-mixed concrete, and invite (or bribe!) Rails that pass over the tops of the posts are strongest and easiest to fasten. Most cities, towns, and neighborhoods require building permits for building a deck above ground. But always ask your building inspector to confirm your design in advance. For more protection or when the stain doesn’t contain a water repellent, apply a clear sealer (or other water repellent) first. Cap the ends of the joists with a band joist (Fig. You might have trouble finding dry 4x4s and larger timbers. Be sure to buy the proper size joist hangers and nail through all the holes with galvanized joist hanger nails (sometimes called galvanized truss nails). 2A that make this detail unacceptable: Should you mix your own concrete or buy ready-mixed from a truck? Depending on rainfall and moisture conditions in your region, serious signs of decay can begin within 10 years. According to the span table, one 2x8 does the job, though a second 2x8 was added for additional stiffness. So they keep it out of sight, using it for the joists, beams and posts. Fungus needs moisture to grow, so rot won’t occur in any type of wood if the wood can dry out easily after rainstorms. 7 shows proper nailing technique and several types of decking. Are there enough of them, at least one every 6 ft.? Use support blocks to reinforce the ends of a ledger board when bolting it to concrete. Design your railing so it’s at least 36 in. Plan for a 12-inch width for each footing and 48 inches deep to get below frost lines. Attaching a ledger board improperly can lead to a structural deck failure. The staff at your local home supply store can share recommendations to help you stay within your allotted budget. The maximum permitted opening in the guardrail varies from 4 in. 8, require careful nailing to ensure strength. bolts 3-1/2 in. So attach the posts securely to the joists with bolts (Fig. Predrill holes to mid splitting ends. In such cases use machine bolts, because you can steady their heads with a wrench. Predrill both the nail and screw holes. Add your measurements to a more detailed sketch. With materials list and plan in hand, visit your favorite lumberyard to get an estimate for the cost of materials. Neither of these forms a skin on the wood surface that can peel. Keeping an eye on that structure, you will understand the entire deck-building process. lower than the door’s sill, so you won’t have an awkward step as you go out the door. The heartwood contains natural chemicals that are toxic to fungus. If you prefer to use redwood or cedar, you can make them last longer by treating them with a chemical preservative yourself. your deck nears completion. If you’re working with a contractor, you’ll want to be able to submit blueprints for the deck to have on file to make sure that your deck conforms to safety regulations, as well as local building codes. In general, your deck will feel firmer if you space your posts no more than 6 in. Redwood and cedar are relatively soft and light. Once the concrete hardens, you’re ready to build.

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