Native Americans faced off against white athletes to see who was faster and stronger in events like the high jump and javelin throw. However, two works published in English in 1905 are jointly regarded as the official reports on these Games, namely “The Olympic Games”1904 by Charles J.P. Lucas, and the “Review of the Olympic Games of 1904”by James E. Sullivan. Marathon runners Len Tau and Jan Mashiani, Tswana tribesmen who were in. Among the runners were ten Greeks who had never attempted a marathon, two South Africans, a Cuban national, and a former mailman. On the obverse, an athlete standing on some steps, holding in his right hand a laurel crown, symbol of victory, and raising his left arm. Boxing made its Olympic debut at the St. Louis Games. One of the most unusual controversies of the 1904 Olympics came during the boxing competition, when a fighter named James Bollinger entered under the name of popular local boxer Carroll Burton in the hope of currying favor with the judges. [36], Gustav Tiefenthaler was born in Switzerland, but the family moved to the United States when he was young. His assistants practically carried him over the finish line for a plodding final time of 3 hours, 28 minutes and 53 seconds. New York neglected to show up for the consolation round, which meant the silver and bronze were awarded to two local teams from St. Louis. [1], The games were part of the Louisiana Purchase Exposition (St. Louis World's Fair). Saint Louis 1904-The Olympic stadium during a pole vault event. It shows a view of the host city, enhanced by the use of a "fish's eye" effect. The great uncles of president Bush won a bronze medal in doubles at the 1904 summer Olympics. Lorz would later have the punishment rescinded on the grounds that he was “temporarily insane.” He went on to win the 1905 Boston Marathon. Thomas Hicks of the United States won the marathon after the disqualification of his fellow countryman Fred Lorz (opposite picture, caricatured by Hugo Ewerien), who had covered a large part of the 40 kilometres in a car. The 1904 Olympic Games were the first at which gold, silver and bronze medals were awarded for first, second and third place. Ralph Rose, an American track and field star who towered above the competition at 6'5", took gold in the shot put during the 1904, 1908, and 1912 Olympic Games. On September 1, the men of the Milwaukee Athletic Club claimed the gold after a hard fought match against the New York Athletic Club. The officials' oath at an Olympic Summer Games was first sworn in 1972 in Munich. Athletes: 651 The nationalities of some medalists are disputed, as many American competitors were recent immigrants to the United States who had not yet been granted US citizenship. The St. Louis Olympics were held in conjunction with (and took a backseat to) the St. Louis World’s Fair, which occurred simultaneously. The runner spent the last 10 miles of the competition in utter agony, and was given several eggs, doses of toxic strychnine and even plugs of brandy to keep him on his feet. [20][21] An ornamental gate commemorating the 1904 Games was constructed outside the stadium immediately after the Exposition. The 1904 Summer Olympics, officially known as the Games of the III Olympiad, was an international multi-sport event which was celebrated in St. Louis, Missouri, in the United States from August 29 until September 3, 1904, as part of an extended sports program lasting from July 1 to November 23, 1904, at what is now known as Francis Field on the campus of Washington University in St. Louis. Washington University in St. Louis profile of Francis Field. For his part, Olympics founder Pierre de Coubertin called Anthropology Days an “outrageous charade,” and noted, “it will of course lose its appeal when black men, red men and yellow men learn to run, jump and throw, and leave the white men behind them.”. [22] Glen Echo Country Club remains in use as a golf course today as of 2018.[13]. Athletes from 12 nations took part in the St. Louis games. The various competitions were spread out over four-and-a-half months and became lost in the chaos of a World’s Fair celebrating the purchase of the Louisiana territory from France. The games included a side-competition for third world tribesmen. The top non-USA athlete was Emil Rausch of Germany, who won three swimming events. Anthropology Days organizer James Sullivan smugly concluded the events were proof that “the savage has been a very much overrated man from an athletic point of view,” but others labeled them a demeaning and racist sideshow. Faced with the possibility of conflicting athletic competitions, Olympics founder Pierre de Coubertin reluctantly abandoned plans for Chicago and moved the 1904 games to St. Louis. In front of her, a great crown, with in the centre a space for putting the name of the sports discipline. Thomas Hicks of the United States won, but only after his handlers fed him painkillers during the race. One of the most remarkable athletes was the American gymnast George Eyser, who won six medals even though his left leg was made of wood. [32][33] HISTORY reviews and updates its content regularly to ensure it is complete and accurate. Along with hosting one of the few Tug-of-war competitions, the 1904 games are also famous for being the last time golf appeared as an Olympic sport, as well as the one and only time the obscure “plunge for distance” diving event was contested.

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